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Poziomy europejskie

European levels:

The levels of language command are classified by the Common European Framework which is an internationally recognised classification of exams and levels accepted by the Council of Europe. The system thoroughly defines the range of language skills which must be mastered by the learners of a language to be able to communicate in it, and to ensure that the communication is set properly in any given sociolinguistic context.

The levels classified by the system:

C2 Mastery
C1 EOP - Effective Operational Proficiency
B2 Vantage
B1 Threshold
A2 Waystage
A1 Breakthrough

More about European levels

 
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Level 1 – Beginner

Hackers

What is a hacker?
He or she is a computer criminal. A hacker is usually a computer-wise young person.

What do hackers do?
They use the Internet to visit websites. They break computer security systems and read confidential information. Usually they do not do any damage, but there have been several big hacker attacks against companies and institutions such as Yahoo, Amazon.com and the FBI.

How do they do it?
They send millions of bits of information to one site all at the same time. The site can't manage all the information and it shuts down. Some sites just slow down. Many companies want to employ hackers because they are very clever people.

Why do they do it?
They usually do it just for fun. Some hackers want to sell computer security information to big companies, but there are also others who are really criminals and who use their information to steal money.

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Answer the questions below to check how well you understand the text.  

A hacker:

is a type of computer.

is a person who attacks the FBI.

sends a lot of information to a website so that it stops.

 


Hackers:

always do it for fun.

work for big companies.

can use the information to steal money.

 

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Last update: 2006-04-13

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